During Reading Activities

This week in class we discussed the importance of a During Reading Activity. These activities keep students engaged and focused on the reading. Good readers make predictions and inferences on the fly as they are reading; struggling readers need some extra help when it comes to the reading process. A during reading activity will help students make the internal reading process visual and help them become more active readers.

One during reading activity that I am certain to employ is annotation. Annotation forces students to slow down and consider what they are reading to make predictions and inferences while they are reading and considering the possibilities. I understand students will not be able to write in the books we read for class, but they will be able to write on sticky notes and post them to the pages. At the end of every class students would then translate their sticky annotated notes into their reading journal. This journal would help students create their own guide to understanding a text. Students would be able to reference this guide whenever they needed to to participate in class discussions or outlining a paper. Students would also keep track of examples of different literary terms and devices.

Once a week I would have students choose a passage or quote from the weeks reading and perform a reflection or reaction to the piece that they chose. In this activity students would be able to relate something in the text to their own lives. This activity would get the students engaged and hopefully further their thinking of the workings in the text.

During activities are possibly the most important activities because if the student does not get the intro they can still come to understand the text, but if the student does not understand the during we are all in deep trouble because there is no way they will understand it after. During activities provide the students with an opportunity to talk, share, and think through what they are reading.

Differentiation and Engagement

This week we discussed the importance of engagement and differentiation. Engagement is were the teacher creates a point of interest and relevance for the students. The teacher engages students by activating the correct schema, creating a point of interest, and getting their attention. If a teacher fails to do any of these things their lesson is not going to be as effective as they would like. Students need to be actively engaged in all aspects of the lesson. If they are interested in the lesson they are more likely to remember the lesson and what they learned. The students will be more active in the discussions and projects presented. Everybody remembers sitting in a class in high school and feeling bored all the time. These teachers did not get the students engaged or interested. On the same token, everyone also remembers a class where time flew by, and no one wanted to leave when the bell rang. It is important for us, as future educators, to be mindful of the importance of creating engagement and interest in our lessons.

Differentiation is important to remember as well. Teachers need to keep in mind what kind of students they have in their classooms. What works for some students may not work for others. For Beginning Ells teachers should provide them with sentence stem notes and fill in the blanks so that they still get the information they need to succeed in class. Intermediate ELLs would benefit from fill in the blanks as well, but maybe make it a little more advanced than the handout for the Beginner. Advanced ELLs could be utilized as English speaking buddies. These Buddies would be paired with beginner and intermediate ELLs to help with language acquisition. The buddy system would help raise the beginner and intermediate ELLs to a higher level, while also helping the Advance ELLs to become more proficient in the language.

Teaching Vocabulary

This week in class we discussed what teachers need to do when they are teaching new vocabulary. Teachers need to keep in mind that the words being taught need to be conceptually related. This information is important to remember because if the words are not related there will be no way for students to relate the words to each other. If the words are not conceptually related it would be like trying to teach students how to play pingpong, football, and how to read directions at the same time.

Students need the context before the isolated definition. The words used the most are the easiest to identify in context. Teachers need to expose the students to many new words, but only teach the most important words that will help the students understand the rest of the words.

Students will not incorporate all the words into their everyday use, but teachers should strive for the receptive or expressive levels. Teachers can teach more words if they have the ability to group the words and provide students with plenty of opportunity to use the words.

I like the word wall strategy because before the teacher has even started teaching the students are getting exposure to the new words. Students without even realizing it are making predictions about the lesson and that the words mean. The during activity that I will employ is the vocabulary log. In this strategy students keep a running log of how the vocabulary word is used. For the teach I am doing this week I am focusing on Repetition and related literary devices. The after activity that I am going to employ is independent writing and sharing. I think that students learn best by sharing what they think and developing their own definitions.

Vocabulary Lessons

This week in class we discussed the Teacher Knowledges and Skills that all successful teachers develop for themselves. These knowledges help the teacher develop the way they teach and why they teach the way they do. The five categories of these skills are declarative, procedural, conditional, volitional, and metacognitive.

Declarative skills are the  knowledges that go along with what something is. An example of declarative skills would be a concrete definition of a literary term. (Ex. Repition-the act of repeating; repeated  action, performance,production, or presentation.)The second skill is procedural, this skill is related to how to do the skill. This skill would be modeled in having students using repetition in their assignments. Conditional is the third skill. This skill is the when and where to use the above skill. An example would be having students know when repetition would be best suited for advancing their theme or topic in their writing. A teacher could have students look at Winston Churchill's use of repetition in his "We will fight" speech, and try to rewrite it with the same effect with out the use of repetition. Volitional is the reason why this teaching strategy woks for this teacher and these students. The metacognitive knowledge and skill requires bringing  everything together and making sure it all works.

Teachers do this everyday and do not even realize that they do. Every lesson plan layout and format demonstrates the here is what we are going to do, here is how we are going to do, when and were we are going to use this skill, why we are doing it this way, and the big picture format. I really like this format because it shows the best way to present new information. With concepts and skills it is easier to start with a concrete definition and work from there to build more knowledge and skills.

I like this way because it also requires the teacher to know themselves and their students. I do not think this way of learning would work for every student, but that would be up to the teacher to decide and plan for. This model requires not only the teacher to teach the students but to have an understanding of themselves, the students, and the material.

New Words in Context

This week in class we discussed context and the way teachers need to pay attention to context when teaching new words. Teachers can not teach all the words, but they need to teach the important words. If a text has more than 2-3 new words per page it is probably going to be an overload of new words. Students need to be able to use the words in context, remember their meaning, and produce the words in writing.

People have 3 levels of language: frontier, receptive, vocabulary. Teachers need to strive to get the new words into the vocabulary, but at least into the receptive would be great. Students need to have the new words repeated several times so that they can start associating meaning with the words. Context is the best teacher of new words. Context makes the meaning. Everything provides context for new words and ideas. Instead of teaching new words, teachers should teach the words that help develop context. The context of a word drives the meaning; it does not go the other way around.My Professor demonstrated this exact thing in class this week when she created the word "kolpers" and had us create a meaning for it from the context is was used in. The order of development makes sense because that is how children learn their native language.

When ELLs are learning the language it is important to remember the order the skills develop in. Listening develops first because ELLs can do nothing else. Since they can not speak, write, or read the language listening is the only way they can start to infer meaning from the new words. Speaking develops second. Speaking at first is just mimicking but then the words take on concrete meanings and the language continues to develop. Once a person can speak phonetics and letter recognition help them begin reading the new language. Generally after these other areas are mastered then writing develops.

ELLs and Native English Speakers alike can both benefit from the use of context clues and repetition. Teachers should elevate their language so that students can mimic it. Students will mimic what they hear so teachers should model what they want. When I begin teaching I will model for my students what I want them to do. I will speak to them the way I want them to speak in my classroom. From my modeling I hope they will learn what is expected in my classroom.